There are many reasons why white spots on teeth may be present. From nutrition to braces to dental hygiene, these spots do not pose an immediate health risk and, in some cases, may be reversible.
Most commonly, white spots on teeth occur when plaque is not properly or sufficiently cleaned from the surface of the tooth. Over time, acids in the plaque are released and begin to break down the minerals in the enamel. This is a process called decalcification or demineralization. As the acids from the plaque destroy the calcium in the enamel, white spots form on the surface of the tooth.
Individuals who have worn braces are the most susceptible to these unsightly spots. Because braces form a barrier on the surface of the tooth, the toothbrush has a more difficult time removing plaque completely. Once the braces are removed, white spots are present as a result of plaque build up and insufficient dental hygiene.
However, individuals who have worn braces are not the only group susceptible to these spots. Individuals who have not worn braces are not immune to the formation of white spots on teeth. Diets that involve acidic beverages like soda, fruit drinks and sports drinks can also lead to spotting of the enamel. Likewise, individuals who suffer from acid reflux have also reported an increased incidence of white spotting on the bottom portion of the tooth due to a highly acidic environment in the mouth.
Tooth enamel is one of the hardest components in the body. It is the durable coating that protects the tooth over the course of a lifetime. Once the tooth enamel is compromised, it becomes more likely that tooth decay will occur. Demineralization of the tooth enamel, if not addressed and treated, may lead to tooth decay, loss of a tooth or a litany of other dental health problems.
The process of remineralization allows teeth to heal from the effects of acid on the enamel. Creating an environment in the mouth that is pH neutral and reducing or eliminating acidic substances from the diet are two notable ways to begin the process of remineralization. Just as calcium can be removed from the surface of the tooth while the environment is acidic in nature, calcium can also be infused into the tooth given the right conditions.